When I looked at my appointment book for the day, I thought something must be wrong. Someone who worked in the fitness industry was bringing his cat in to the Tufts Obesity Clinic for Animals. Did he confuse us for a different kind of weight management clinic? Is he looking to get muscle on his cat or maybe kitty protein shakes? I was utterly surprised when I called for my appointment in the lobby and an athletic man stood up with an almost 20-pound cat! I asked if I could speak bluntly with him. Why does someone who clearly knows a lot about keeping healthy need to bring his cat to a veterinary nutritionist? What would he say if the cat was one of the people he helps to keep fit every day? Our conversation then went something like this… “Well, I’d tell her, suck it up, buttercup. Do some kitty pushups and no more treats!” “Well, I have to ask, then, what’s stopping you from doing this with your cat?” With a worried look of guilt on his face, he replied, “Well, Dr. Linder, I mean… she meows at me…” This was the moment I realized that I was treating pet obesity all wrong. I needed to focus less on the pet and more on the relationship between people and their pets. That’s what’s literally cutting the lives short of the dogs and cats we love so much.
An obese pet isn’t a happy pet
As with humans, obesity in pets is at epidemic proportions. Over half of the dogs and cats around the globe battle the bulge.
While overweight pets may not face the same social stigma as humans, medical and emotional damage is being done all the same. Obesity in animals can cause complications in almost every system in the body, with conditions ranging from diabetes to osteoarthritis.
Owners often say they don’t care if their pet is “fat”—there’s just more of them to love! It’s my job to then let them know there’s less time to provide that love. A landmark lifespan study showed Labradors who were 10-20 percent overweight—not even obese, which is typically defined as greater than 20 percent—lived a median 1.8 years shorter than their trim ideal weight counterparts.
Another study shows that obesity indeed has emotional consequences for pets. Overweight pets have worse scores in vitality, quality of life, pain, and emotional disturbance. However, the good news is those values can improve with weight loss.
Furthermore, humans struggle to succeed even in the best conditions—and so do pets. In one study, dogs on a weight-loss program were only successful 63 percent of the time.
Showing love through food
So where exactly is the problem? Are foods too high in calories? Are pets not getting enough exercise? Is it genetics? Or do we just fall for those puppy dog eyes and overfeed them because they have in fact trained us (not the other way around!)? From my experience at the pet obesity clinic, I can tell you it’s a bit of all of the above.
It seems veterinarians and pet owners may be a little behind the curve compared to our human counterparts. Studies show that it doesn’t really matter what approach to weight loss most humans take – as long as they stick to it. But many in veterinary medicine focus more on traditional diet and exercise plans, and less on adherence or the reason these pets may have become obese to begin with. (This should be easy, right? The dogs aren’t opening the fridge door themselves!)
However, the field is starting to understand that pet obesity is much more about the human-animal bond than the food bowl. In 2014, I worked among a group of fellow pet obesity experts organized by the American Animal Hospital Association to publish new weight management guidelines, recognizing that the human-animal bond needs to be addressed. Is the pet owner ready to make changes and overcome challenges that might slow down their pet’s weight loss?
One interesting editorial review compared parenting styles to pet ownership. As pet owners, we treat our cats and dogs more like family members. There’s a deeper emotional and psychological bond that was not as common when the family dog was just the family dog. If vets can spot an overindulgent pet parent, perhaps we can help them develop strategies to avoid expressing love through food.
A healthier relationship
Managing obesity in pets will require veterinarians, physicians and psychologists to work together.
Many veterinary schools and hospitals now employ social workers who help veterinarians understand the social aspect of the human-animal bond and how it impacts the pet’s care. For example, a dog owner who has lost a spouse and shares an ice cream treat every night with their dog may be trying to replace a tradition they used to cherish with their significant other. A social worker with a psychology background could help prepare a plan that respects the owner’s bond with their pet without negatively impacting the pet’s health.
Tips and tricks for pet weight loss
Having trouble with your own pet’s weight loss? Here are some troubleshooting strategies to try
| Problem | Solution |
|---|---|
| My pet begs all the time. | First, check with your vet, but if you’re meeting your pet’s calorie and nutrient requirements, your pet may just think they need more than they do! Also, try substituting treat times for other social activities, like grooming or walking. Finally, you can divide up a portion of the diet to use as treats instead of meals, or divide the food into more frequent, smaller meals. |
| My pet cries all night. | Cats in particular like to eat at night, so set up feedings right before bedtime. Set up automatic timed feeders to go off during the night. Or provide hidden toys or treats that your pets can look for throughout the night. Also, make sure you don’t reward the behavior with attention or food. Either put a plan in motion to avoid it entirely, or ignore it, but never reward it. |
| My pet steals other pets’ food. | Consider separate meal feeding options. Talk with your vet to see if there is one food you can feed to all pets in the house if possible. You can offer food puzzles to slow down and separate feedings, or try products that restrict food access based on a programmable collar. |
| My pet won’t eat the new food. | Gradually introduce a new food over one week. Offer the new food side-by-side with the current diet, with gradual removal of the usual food. If that doesn’t help, talk with your vet about diet alternatives with different textures and moisture content. You can also try using treats for up to 10 percent of the overall calories, as a palatability enhancer. Avoid offering alternatives if the pet skips a meal; however, do not allow cats to go longer than 24 hours without consuming any meals. |
The Conversation, CC-BY-ND
Source: Tufts Clinical Nutrition Service
At our obesity clinic at Tufts, physicians, nutritionists and veterinarians are working together to develop joint pet and pet owner weight-loss programs. We want to put together a healthy physical activity program, so pet owners and their dogs can both improve their health and strengthen their bond. We also created a pet owner education website with additional strategies for weight loss and pet nutrition.
Programs that strengthen and support the human-animal bond without adding calories will be critical to preserve the loving relationship that is the reason why we adopt our pets, but also keep us from literally loving them to death by overfeeding. Hopefully, we can start to chip away at the notion that “food is love” for our pets.
Deborah Linder is the Head of Tufts Obesity Clinic for Animals at Tufts University. This article was originally featured on The Conversation.
